Introduction to the working principle and chemical reaction equation of lithium iron phosphate battery

The full name of lithium iron phosphate battery is lithium iron phosphate Lithium Ion Battery. It is a lithium ion battery that uses lithium iron phosphate (LifePo4) as the positive electrode material and carbon as the negative electrode material. The rated voltage of the monomer is 3.2V, and the charge cut-off voltage is 3.6V~3.65V. It is currently the most environmentally friendly, the longest life, the highest safety, and the highest discharge rate among all Lithium Battery packs.

The working principle of lithium iron phosphate battery:

When a lithium iron phosphate battery is charged, the lithium ion Li+ in the positive electrode migrates to the negative electrode through the polymer separator; during the discharge process, the lithium ion Li+ in the negative electrode migrates to the positive electrode through the separator. Lithium-ion batteries are named after lithium ions move back and forth during charging and discharging.

1. When charging a lithium iron phosphate battery, Li+ migrates from the 010 face of the lithium iron phosphate crystal to the surface of the crystal. Under the action of the electric field force, it enters the electrolyte, passes through the diaphragm, and then migrates to the surface of the graphene by electrolysis, and then is embedded In the graphene lattice, at the same time, electrons flow to the aluminum foil electrode of the positive electrode through the conductor, and flow to the copper foil collector of the negative electrode through the tab, battery pole, external circuit, negative pole, and negative pole. The graphite negative electrode is the negative electrode's charge balance. After the lithium ions are deintercalated from the lithium iron phosphate, the lithium iron phosphate is converted into iron phosphate.

2. When the lithium iron phosphate battery is discharged, Li+ is deintercalated from the graphite crystal, enters the electrolyte, passes through the diaphragm, and then migrates to the surface of the lithium iron phosphate crystal through the electrolyte, and then re-embeds into the lithium iron phosphate through the 010 surface. Within the lattice. At the same time, the battery flows to the copper foil collector of the negative electrode through the conductor, flows to the copper foil collector of the positive electrode through the tab, battery negative pole, external circuit, positive pole, and positive lug, and then flows to the lithium iron phosphate positive electrode through the conductor. The charge of the positive electrode reaches an equilibrium state.

Chemical reaction equation of lithium iron phosphate battery pack:

Positive electrode reaction: LiFePO₄ ⇔ Li_1-xFePO₄ + xLi⁺ + xe^-

Negative reaction: xLi⁺ +xe^- +6C⇔Li_xC₆

The total reaction formula: LiFePO₄+6xC⇔Li_1-xFePO₄+Li_xC₆.

The above is the introduction of the working principle and chemical reaction equation of lithium iron phosphate battery. Lithium iron phosphate battery has a series of unique advantages such as high working voltage, high energy density, long cycle life, low self-discharge rate, no memory effect, and green environmental protection. It also supports stepless expansion and is suitable for large-scale electric energy storage. Energy power stations have good application prospects in the fields of safe grid connection, grid peak shaving, distributed power stations, UPS power supplies, and emergency power systems.